Connection of occupations with the method of science is at least as close as with its subject matter. The
ages when scientific progress was slow were the ages when learned men had contempt for the material
and processes of everyday life, especially for those concerned with manual pursuits. Consequently they
strove to develop knowledge out of general principles -- almost out of their heads -- by logical reasons. It
seems as absurd that learning should come from action on and with physical things, like dropping acid on a
stone to see what would happen, as that it should come from sticking an awl with waxed thread through a
piece of leather. But the rise of experimental methods proved that, given control of conditions, the latter
operation is more typical of the right way of knowledge than isolated logical reasonings. Experiment
developed in the seventeenth and succeeding centuries and became the authorized way of knowing when
men's interests were centered in the question of control of nature for human uses. The active occupations
in which appliances are brought to bear upon physical things with the intention of effecting useful
changes is the most vital introduction to the experimental method.
(Dewey, ch15)
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